720° Turns vs. the 20% Rule: Alternative Penalties

Tom Keinath presents an analysis of the 1977 IYRU decision to adopt the Percentage Alternative Penalty system for world and continental championships. The article surveys Thistle skippers on their preferences between the 720° Turns Alternative Penalty and the 20% Alternative Penalty, presenting survey results and skipper opinions on risk-taking, rule-breaking, equity, and penalty severity.

This is a summary. The full article text is © the Thistle Class Association — read the original scan via the link above.

• rules
• alternative penalties
• 720 turns
• 20% AP
• penalty system